使用 Google 账号对用户进行身份验证

使用 Google 账号对用户进行身份验证

本快速入门介绍了如何启用 Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) 来保护 App Engine 标准或柔性环境应用，以及如何向拥有 Google 账号的用户授予访问权限。

如果您打算通过内容分发网络 (CDN) 传送资源，请参阅缓存最佳实践指南了解重要信息。

当 App Engine 应用包含多项服务时，您可以在不同服务上配置不同的 IAP 权限，包括仅将部分服务设为可公开访问以保护他人的安全。

准备工作

1. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

   Roles required to select or create a project

   • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
   • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.
   Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

   Go to project selector

2. If you're using an existing project for this guide, verify that you have the permissions required to complete this guide. If you created a new project, then you already have the required permissions.

3. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

4. 如需为 App Engine 启用 IAP，您需要设置 App Engine 实例。如果您尚未设置 App Engine 实例，请参阅部署到 App Engine 以查看完整演示。

   默认情况下，IAP 使用 Google 管理的 OAuth 客户端，这要求您的项目属于某个组织，并且只允许内部用户访问。

   重要提示：如果您的项目不属于任何组织，或者您想允许组织外部的用户访问，则必须为 App Engine 配置自定义 OAuth 客户端。如果项目没有组织或自定义凭据，则在该项目上启用 IAP 会导致请求失败并显示 HTTP 502: Empty Google Account OAuth client ID(s)/secret(s) 错误。

所需的角色

如需获得使用 Google 账号对用户进行身份验证所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予项目的 IAP Policy Admin (roles/iap.policyAdmin) IAM 角色。 如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

您也可以通过自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取所需的权限。

启用 IAP

控制台

如果您的项目不属于组织，则必须使用自定义 OAuth 凭证。

If you haven't configured your project's OAuth consent screen, you'll be prompted to do so. To configure your OAuth consent screen, see Setting up your OAuth consent screen.

Setting up IAP access

1. Go to the Identity-Aware Proxy page.
   Go to the Identity-Aware Proxy page
2. Select the project you want to secure with IAP.
3. Select the checkbox next to the resource you want to grant access to.
4. On the right side panel, click Add principal.
5. In the Add principals dialog that appears, enter the email addresses of groups or individuals who should have the IAP-secured Web App User role for the project.

   The following kinds of principals can have this role:

   • Google Account: [e-mail]
   • Google Group: [e-mail]
   • Service account: server@example.
   • Google Workspace domain: example.com

   Make sure to add a Google Account that you have access to.

6. Select Cloud IAP > IAP-secured Web App User from the Roles drop-down list.
7. Click Save.

Turning on IAP

1. On the Identity-Aware Proxy page, under Applications, find the application you want to restrict access to. To turn on IAP for a resource, toggle the on/off switch in the IAP column.
   
2. In the Turn on IAP window that appears, click Turn On to confirm that you want IAP to secure your resource. After you turn on IAP, it requires login credentials for all connections to your load balancer. Only principals with the IAP-Secured Web App User (roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor) role on the project will be given access.

gcloud

Before you set up your project and IAP, you need an up-to-date version of the gcloud CLI. For instructions on how to install the gcloud CLI, see Install the gcloud CLI.

1. To authenticate, use the Google Cloud CLI and run the following command.

   gcloud auth login

2. Click the URL that appears and sign in.
3. After you sign in, copy the verification code that appears and paste it in the command line.
4. Run the following command to specify the project that contains the applications that you want to protect with IAP.

   gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

5. To enable IAP, run the following command.

   gcloud iap web enable --resource-type=app-engine --versions=version

6. Add principals who should have the IAP-secured Web App user role to the project.

   gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID \
          --member=PRINCIPAL_IDENTIFIER \
          --role=roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor

   • Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
   • Replace PRINCIPAL_IDENTIFIER with the necessary principals. This can be a type of domain, group, serviceAccount, or user. For example, user:[e-mail].

After you enable IAP, you can use the gcloud CLI to modify the IAP access policy using the IAM role roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor. Learn more about managing roles and permissions.

API

1. Run the following command to prepare a settings.json file.

   cat << EOF > settings.json
   {
   "iap":
     {
       "enabled":true
     }
   }
   EOF
   

2. Run the following command to enable IAP.

   curl -X PATCH \
   -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
   -H "Accept: application/json" \
   -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
   -d @settings.json \
   "https://appengine.googleapis.com/v1/apps/PROJECT_ID?updateMask=iap"
   

After you enable IAP, you can use the Google Cloud CLI to modify the IAP access policy using the IAM role roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor. Learn more about managing roles and permissions.

您可以在项目中的 App Engine 服务上启用 IAP。如需使某些服务可公开访问，而另一些服务需要进行身份验证，您可以在不同服务中使用不同的访问权限级别。如需了解详情，请参阅使用 IAP 管理访问权限。如需让服务可以公开访问，请向 allAuthenticatedUsers 授予 IAP-secured Web App User 角色。

基于角色的访问权限：只有在此项目上具有受 IAP 保护的 Web 应用用户 (roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor) 角色的主体才能获得访问权限。即使是拥有广泛权限的角色（例如 Owner 或 Editor），也无法自动获得对受 IAP 保护的应用的访问权限。

测试用户身份验证

1. 授予角色后，主账号可以通过使用 IAP 进行身份验证来访问应用。使用被授予 IAP-secured Web App User (roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor) 角色的 Google 账号访问应用网址。

2. 如需测试访问权限，请在 Chrome 中打开无痕式窗口，访问应用网址，并根据提示登录。获得 IAP-secured Web App User (roles/iap.httpsResourceAccessor) 角色的用户在成功通过身份验证后可以访问该应用。未获得所需角色或未能通过身份验证的用户无法访问该应用。

后续步骤

• 了解如何获取用户的身份，以及如何开发自己的 App Engine 应用。