以部署形式管理 Google Cloud 資源

您可以使用 Google Cloud Deployment Manager 建立一組 Google Cloud 資源，並將其當做一個單元 (稱為部署作業) 進行管理。比方說，團隊的開發環境需要兩個虛擬機器 (VM) 和一個 BigQuery 資料庫，您可以在設定檔中定義這些資源，然後使用 Deployment Manager 建立、變更或刪除這些資源。您可以將設定檔加入團隊程式碼存放區中，這樣任何人都可以建立相同的環境並取得一致的結果。

在本教學課程中，您將使用 Google Cloud Deployment Manager 建立虛擬機器 (VM) 執行個體。您會在基本設定檔中定義 VM，然後使用這個設定檔來建立部署作業。

如要完成本教學課程，您必須熟悉如何在 Linux、macOS 或 Windows 終端機中執行指令。

如需本教學課程的互動版本，請使用 Cloud Shell 開啟本教學課程。您可以編輯範例設定並部署您的資源，而不需要在工作站上進行任何安裝。如想在自己的電腦中參閱本教學課程，請跳至下一節。

Cloud Shell 中的快速入門導覽課程

事前準備

  1. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Roles required to select or create a project

    • Select a project: Selecting a project doesn't require a specific IAM role—you can select any project that you've been granted a role on.
    • Create a project: To create a project, you need the Project Creator role (roles/resourcemanager.projectCreator), which contains the resourcemanager.projects.create permission. Learn how to grant roles.

    Go to project selector

  2. Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  3. 啟用 Deployment Manager 和 Compute Engine API。

    啟用 API 時所需的角色

    您必須具備 serviceusage.services.enable 權限，才能啟用 API。如果您建立了專案，可能已透過「擁有者」角色 (roles/owner) 取得這項權限。否則，您可以透過「服務使用情形管理員」角色 (roles/serviceusage.serviceUsageAdmin) 取得這項權限。瞭解如何授予角色。

    啟用 API

  4. 在工作站上安裝 Google Cloud CLI。
  5. 將 Google Cloud CLI 設為使用您的專案。在下列指令中，將 [MY_PROJECT] 替換為您的專案 ID：
    gcloud config set project [MY_PROJECT]

定義資源

您可以在使用 YAML 語法編寫的設定檔中說明您的資源。

  1. 複製下面的範例設定並將其貼入文字編輯器。

    # Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.


# Put all your resources under `resources:`. For each resource, you need:
# - The type of resource. In this example, the type is a Compute VM instance.
# - An internal name for the resource.
# - The properties for the resource. In this example, for VM instances, you add
#   the machine type, a boot disk, network information, and so on.
#
# For a list of supported resources,
# see https://cloud.google.com/deployment-manager/docs/configuration/supported-resource-types.
resources:
- type: compute.v1.instance
  name: quickstart-deployment-vm
  properties:
    # The properties of the resource depend on the type of resource. For a list
    # of properties, see the API reference for the resource.
    zone: us-central1-f
    # Replace [MY_PROJECT] with your project ID
    machineType: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/[MY_PROJECT]/zones/us-central1-f/machineTypes/f1-micro
    disks:
    - deviceName: boot
      type: PERSISTENT
      boot: true
      autoDelete: true
      initializeParams:
        # See a full list of image families at https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images#os-compute-support
        # The format of the sourceImage URL is: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/[IMAGE_PROJECT]/global/images/family/[FAMILY_NAME]
        sourceImage: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11
    # Replace [MY_PROJECT] with your project ID
    networkInterfaces:
    - network: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/[MY_PROJECT]/global/networks/default
      # Access Config required to give the instance a public IP address
      accessConfigs:
      - name: External NAT
        type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT

    這個基本設定檔所說明的部署作業，包含一個附帶下列屬性的虛擬機器執行個體：

    • 機器類型：f1-micro
    • 映像檔系列：debian-11
    • 區域：us-central1-f
    • 根永久磁碟：boot
    • 隨機指派的外部 IP 位址

  2. 將 [MY_PROJECT] 的所有執行個體替換為專案 ID。

  3. 將檔案儲存為 vm.yaml。

部署資源

如要部署資源，請透過 Google Cloud CLI 使用設定檔建立新的部署作業：

gcloud deployment-manager deployments create quickstart-deployment --config vm.yaml

如果部署成功，您會收到類似以下範例的訊息：

Create operation operation-1432319707382-516afeb5d00f1-b864f0e7-b7103978 completed successfully.
NAME                    TYPE                STATE      ERRORS
quickstart-deployment   compute.v1.instance COMPLETED  -

您現在已經完成了第一個部署作業！

檢查新的部署作業

如要檢查部署作業的狀態，請執行以下指令：

gcloud deployment-manager deployments describe quickstart-deployment

您會看到部署作業的說明，包括其開始和結束時間、建立的資源，以及任何警告或錯誤：

fingerprint: xmVVeTtPq-5rr8F-vWFlrg==
id: '54660732508021769'
insertTime: '2016-03-09T04:45:26.032-08:00'
manifest: https://www.googleapis.com/deploymentmanager/v2/projects/myproject/global/deployments/my-first-deployment/manifests/manifest-1457527526037
name: quickstart-deployment
operation:
  endTime: '2016-03-09T04:46:19.480-08:00'
  id: '8993923014899639305'
  kind: deploymentmanager#operation
  name: operation-1457527525951-52d9d126f4618-f1ca6e72-3404bd3b
  operationType: insert
  progress: 100
  startTime: '2016-03-09T04:45:27.275-08:00'
  status: DONE
...
resources:
NAME                     TYPE                 STATE      ERRORS
quickstart-deployment-vm  compute.v1.instance  COMPLETED  -

查看資源

建立部署作業後，您可以在Google Cloud 控制台中查看資源。

  1. 如要查看部署作業的清單，請開啟「Deployment Manager」頁面。

    前往「Deployment Manager」頁面

  2. 如要查看部署作業中的資源，請按一下 [quickstart-deployment]。部署作業總覽即會開啟，其中包含部署作業的相關資訊，以及部署作業中的資源。

  3. 如要查看 VM 的相關資訊，請按一下 [quickstart-deployment-vm]。

清除所用資源

為了避免系統向您的 Google Cloud 帳戶收取本頁面所用資源的費用，請按照下列步驟操作。

gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete quickstart-deployment

在提示字元視窗中輸入 y：

The following deployments will be deleted:
- quickstart-deployment

Do you want to continue (y/N)?

如此便會永久刪除您建立的部署作業和資源。

後續步驟